Packaging for a fiber-coupled optical device

ABSTRACT

An optical device assembly comprises a substrate with a component and fiber groove thereon. A segment of optical fiber is engaged with the fiber groove, which positions the fiber segment for optical coupling with a component on the substrate. A fiber retainer maintains the fiber segment in engagement with the groove. The fiber retainer may be secured to the substrate with adhesive means. Recessed regions formed on the substrate/retainer are filled with adhesive means, forming retaining members. Alternatively, the fiber retainer comprises a resilient member engaged with the device substrate and biased so as to urge the fiber segment into the groove. The resilient member may be variously configured and/or adapted for enhancing engagement of the fiber segment with the fiber groove. Either embodiment may include a housing, which may be variously configured and/or adapted for engaging a mating fiber-optic connector, providing fiber pigtail(s), mechanical splicing, and so forth.

BACKGROUND

The field of the present invention relates to optical devices coupled tooptical fibers. Packaging of fiber-coupled optical devices is disclosedherein.

Packaging an optical component for ready coupling to an optical fiber isa costly and time consuming portion of the manufacturing process foroptical devices for telecommunications. Connectors are available forenabling rapid connection between optical fibers, each fiber beingprovided with one of a pair of mating connectors. In order to provide apackaged optical device with such a connector, it is often the case thata short segment of optical fiber is employed within the package, withone end optically coupled to the device and the other end terminating inthe connector and available for coupling to another optical fiber with amating connector.

Disclosed herein are apparatus and methods for providing a packagedfiber-coupled optical device that incorporates a segment of opticalfiber. The configuration of the package subassemblies enables theoptical device to be readily assembled with and optically coupled to theoptical fiber segment, and thereby to be provided with a fiber-opticconnector.

SUMMARY

An optical apparatus comprises: an optical device assembly, comprising adevice substrate with at least one optical component thereon and with afiber groove thereon; a segment of optical fiber with a first endthereof engaged with the fiber groove, the fiber groove positioning thefirst end of the fiber segment engaged therewith for optical couplingwith at least one optical component on the substrate; and a fiberretainer positioned over the first end of the fiber segment so as tomaintain the first end thereof in engagement with the fiber groove.

In a first embodiment, the fiber retainer is secured to the devicesubstrate with adhesive means. The device substrate or the fiberretainer is provided with at least one recessed region formed thereon,and the adhesive means at least partially fills the recessed region andforms a retaining member therein. The recessed area(s) may be variouslyconfigured and/or adapted for enhancing attachment of the fiber retainerto the device substrate and/or engagement of the fiber segment with thefiber groove. In a second embodiment, the fiber retainer comprises aresilient retainer engaged with the device substrate and biased so as tourge the first end of the optical fiber segment into the fiber groove.The resilient retainer may be variously configured and/or adapted forenhancing engagement of the fiber segment with the fiber groove.

Either embodiment may further comprise multiple fiber segments, andoptical components on one or more substrates with multiple correspondingfiber grooves. The fiber retainer is arranged to maintain each fibersegment engaged with a corresponding fiber groove. Either embodiment,with one or more fiber segments and fiber grooves, may further comprisea housing, which may be variously configured and/or adapted for engaginga mating fiber-optic connector, for providing fiber pigtail(s), formechanical splicing, and so forth. The housing may be variouslyconfigured and/or adapted for providing a mechanical enclosure,electromagnetic shielding, electrical connectivity, mechanical mounting,and so forth.

Objects and advantages pertaining to packaged fiber-coupled opticaldevices may become apparent upon referring to the disclosed embodimentsas illustrated in the drawings and disclosed in the following writtendescription and/or claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1A-1B illustrate an optical device assembly and an optical fibersegment.

FIGS. 2A-2D illustrate an optical device assembly, and optical fibersegment, and a fiber retaining plate.

FIGS. 3A-3D illustrate various fiber grooves on a fiber retaining plate.

FIGS. 4A-4D, 5A-5D, and 6A-6D illustrate various configurations ofretaining members formed by adhesive in recessed regions.

FIGS. 7A-7D illustrate an optical device assembly, an optical fibersegment, and a resilient fiber retainer.

FIGS. 8A-8D illustrate an optical device assembly, an optical fibersegment, and a resilient fiber retainer.

FIGS. 9-11 are exploded views of an optical device assembly, a fibersegment, a housing, and a fiber retainer.

FIGS. 12-15 illustrate various configurations of a fiber segment andhousing.

FIG. 16 illustrates an optical device assembly, multiple fiber segments,a fiber retainer, and a housing.

The embodiment shown in the Figures is exemplary, and should not beconstrued as limiting the scope of the present disclosure and/orappended claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate schematically an optical device assembly 120comprising optical components 126 and 128 on device substrate 122. Theoptical components may include, but are not limited to, one or more of:planar waveguide(s); laser(s); amplifier(s); modulator(s);photodetector(s); focusing and/or polarization optics; optical gratings;optical filter(s); and so on. Optical coupling between the components126 and 128 may be achieved in any suitable way, including but notlimited to end-coupling, free-space-coupling, and transverse-coupling.The device substrate 122 has a fiber groove 124 formed on its topsurface. Note that the terms “top”, “bottom”, “up”, “down”, and so on asused herein are defined relative to the device substrate, and not to anyabsolute orientation. The “top” of the device substrate is the surfaceon which the optical components 126/128 are positioned and the fibergroove 124 is formed. An optical fiber segment 100 is engaged with thefiber groove 124, which is positioned on the device substrate 122 so asto position the end of fiber segment 100 for optical coupling withcomponent 126. In the particular examples shown in the Figures,component 126 comprises a planar waveguide formed on device substrate122 and positioned for optical end-coupling with fiber segment 100engaged in fiber groove 124. The planar waveguide may be a ridgewaveguide, a buried waveguide, or other suitable planar waveguide type.However, any other optical component optically coupled to fiber segment100 in any suitable way shall also fall within the scope of the presentdisclosure and/or appended claims.

A fiber retainer is employed to maintain the end of fiber segment 100 inengagement with fiber groove 124, and thereby also maintain opticalcoupling between component 126 and fiber segment 100. In one embodiment,illustrated schematically in FIGS. 2A-2D, 3A-3D, 4A-4D, 5A-5D, and6A-6D, a fiber retainer comprises a retaining plate 200 and is securedwith adhesive means to device substrate 122 over the end of the fibersegment 100 and the fiber groove 124. In another embodiment, illustratedschematically in FIGS. 7A-7D, a fiber retainer comprises a resilientretainer 300 engaged with the device substrate and biased so as to urgethe end of the fiber segment 100 into the fiber groove 124. Analternative configuration of such an embodiment is illustratedschematically in FIGS. 8A-8D. Each of these embodiments is described infurther detail hereinbelow.

In FIGS. 2A-2D, the fiber retainer comprises a retaining plate 200secured to device substrate 122 over a portion of fiber groove 124 andthe end of fiber segment 100 engaged therewith. Adhesive meanscomprising adhesive layer 202 serves to secure the retaining plate 200to the device substrate 122. The adhesive means may also partiallyencapsulate a portion of fiber segment 100 engaged with fiber groove124. Adhesive means suitable for forming adhesive layer 202 may include,but are not limited to, polymers, solder, glass, or any other suitablematerials that may form layer adhesive layer 202 and adhere sufficientlyto retaining plate 200 and device substrate 122.

For many optical device assemblies, substrate 122 comprises silicon,often with additional material layers such as a silica layer. Othersuitable device substrate material(s) may be employed. Retaining plate200 may comprise silicon, or any other suitably rigid material. Theretaining plate 200 is shown as a simple flat plate in FIGS. 2A-2D,however, the fiber retainer may assume any suitable shape. In FIGS.3A-3D, the retaining plate 200 is shown with a fiber groove 204 on itsunderside for engaging fiber segment 100. Such a groove may assist inproperly positioning the retaining plate 200, and may also enable use ofa thinner adhesive layer 202 for securing the retaining plate 200 andthe substrate 122. Such fiber grooves 204 on retaining plate 200 mayassume any of the exemplary cross-sectional shapes shown in FIGS. 3A-3D,or may assume any other suitable cross-sectional shape. At least aportion of fiber groove 204 may be at least partially filled withadhesive means when device substrate 122, fiber segment 100, andretaining plate 200 are assembled and secured with the adhesive means.The particular arrangement of FIG. 3D, in which the opening of fibergroove 204 is smaller in transverse extent than deeper portions of thegroove, may enhance adhesion of the adhesive means to the retainingplate 200. The adhesive means within groove 204 (as in FIG. 3D) may forma retaining member with at least a portion thereof larger than theopening of the fiber groove 204. Such an enlarged retaining member mayserve to secure the retaining plate 200 to the substrate 122 even ifadhesion of the adhesive means to the plate 200 diminishes or failscompletely. This type of arrangement for securing the retaining plate tothe substrate may be employed independently of fiber groove 204, asdescribed further below.

Either or both of device substrate 122 and retaining plate 200 may beprovided with one or more recessed regions 206, shown in cross-sectionin FIGS. 4A-4D and 5A-5D. Note that any of the cross-sections mayrepresent a circumscribed cavity, pit, or hole (of any suitable shape)or the cross section of an elongated slot. When retaining plate 200 isassembled with device substrate 122, some of the adhesive means at leastpartially fills recessed regions 206, thereby forming retaining members208 within the recessed regions 206, in addition to adhesive layer 202.A retaining member 208 may include at least a portion thereof that islarger in at least one transverse dimension than the opening of thecorresponding recessed region 206 (as if FIGS. 4A-4D and 5A-5C). In thisway, the retaining member 208 serves to secure the retaining plate ordevice substrate to the adhesive layer, even if the adhesion of theadhesive layer 202 has diminished or failed entirely (which may occurfor a variety of reasons, including but not limited to: device age;temperature variation within or beyond a typical device operatingtemperature range between about −40° C. and about 95° C.; humidityvariations or extremes; thermal cycling; and so forth). However, even ifthe retaining member 208 is not larger than the opening of the recessedregion 206 (as in FIG. 5D), the resulting increased surface area ofcontact may enhance adhesion between the adhesive means and theretaining plate 200 and/or device substrate 122. The recessed regionsmay be configured or arranged in a variety of ways, and those set forthherein are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the scopeof the present disclosure or the appended claims.

Recessed region(s) 206 may be provided on only the retaining plate (FIG.4A), only the device substrate (FIG. 4B), or on both (FIGS. 4C-4D). Ifprovided on both structures, the recessed regions may be arranged assubstantially opposing pairs (FIG. 4D), or offset from one another (FIG.4C). If arranged as opposing pairs, it should be noted that thealignment of such opposing pairs depends on the accuracy of placement ofretaining plate 200 on device substrate 122. In most cases suchplacement need not be held within tight tolerances, and the sametolerance would apply to the alignment of opposing pairs of recessedregions 206.

The recessed regions 206 may be arranged or configured in a variety ofways to yield retaining members 208 that cannot pass back through theopening of the recessed regions. The recessed region 206 may be formedso that its opening is smaller in at least one transverse dimension thana deeper portion thereof. Such an undercut recessed region may be formedby any suitable process. If the retaining plate or device substratecomprises silicon or other crystalline material, then a directionaletching process may be employed to yield structures resembling those ofFIGS. 4A-4D. Alternatively, the retaining plate or device substrate maycomprise an overlayer on a substrate material (for example, an overlayerof silica on a silicon substrate), and an etch process employed thatselectively etches the substrate material. As shown in FIG. 5A, anopening of the desired shape is formed through the overlayer (layer 122a on device substrate 122; layer 200 a on retaining plate 200) and theetch process selectively removes the substrate material, leaving anundercut recessed region 206 (as in FIG. 5A). It should be noted thatthe retaining member 208 need not fill the entire recessed region 206,but needs only form a portion that is larger in at least one transversedimension than the opening thereof.

Any suitable adhesive means may be employed that can form adhesive layer202 with sufficient adhesion to retaining plate 200 and device substrate122 and that can form retaining members 208 within recessed regions 206.A suitable adhesive means will typically be capable of flowing during aportion of its application, so that the adhesive means may flow intorecessed regions 206. Upon hardening or solidifying, retaining members208 are formed. Examples of suitable adhesive means may include, but arenot limited to: cured polymer (thermally or photochemically cured;including epoxy polymers), reflowed polymer, reflowed solder, reflowedglass, fused glass frit, and so on. In each example, at some stage ofapplication the adhesive means may flow into the recessed regions. Uponhardening or solidifying (curing of a fluid polymer precursor; coolingof a heat-reflowed polymer, solder, or glass; cooling of a heat-fusedglass frit; and so forth), the retaining members 208 are formed.

To facilitate flow of adhesive means into the recessed region 206, therecessed region may include a second opening, on the opposing side ofthe retaining plate 200 (FIGS. 5B-5C) or device substrate 122 (notshown). A second opening may facilitate flow of adhesive means (fluidprecursor, reflowed material, frit, etc) into the recessed region. Therecessed region may increase in size in at least one transversedimension with distance from the first opening, as in FIG. 5B, therebyyielding a retaining member 208 too large to pass through the firstopening. If the recessed region does not increase in size, an enlargedportion of a retaining member 208 may be formed by adhesive means (suchas polymer) emergent from the second opening, as in FIG. 5C.Alternatively, the retaining member may lack a portion larger than theopening of the recessed region (as in FIG. 5D) but may neverthelessenhance adhesion between the adhesive means and the retaining plateand/or device substrate (through increased surface area of contact).

FIGS. 6A-6D illustrate a variety of arrangements of multiple recessedregions 206 on device substrate 122. Similar arrangements of multiplerecessed regions may be provided on retaining plate 200. Other suitablearrangements may be employed. Only the openings of the recessed regions206 are shown in FIGS. 6A-6D; any enlargement or undercutting is notshown explicitly. FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate a number of circumscribedcavities formed on the device substrate. Additional cavities may providestronger bonding between the adhesive layer 202 and the device substrate122 and/or the retaining plate 200. FIG. 6C illustrates multiple slotsformed on the device substrate. The slots may extend to the edge of thedevice substrate (as in FIG. 6C), to increase the area of the slots andthereby strengthen the bond between the adhesive layer 202 and thedevice substrate 122 and/or the retaining plate 200, and/or tofacilitate flow of adhesive means into the slots. Slots may cross oneanother, as in FIG. 6D, for the same reasons.

By providing recessed areas 206 and forming retaining members 208therein, the adhesive layer 202 may remain secured to retaining plate200 and/or device substrate 122 even if adhesion between the layer andthese structures diminishes or fails completely. The bonded structures(substrate 122 and plate 200) are held in place not only by adhesion oflayer 202 thereto, but also by cohesion of layer 202 and retainingmembers 208 in recessed areas 206. Such cohesion may persist, and maytherefore prolong the usable life of the device, even after adhesion hasbeen disrupted by temperature and/or humidity variations and/orextremes, thermal cycling, aging of the device, and/or other factorsthat may lead to failure of the adhesive.

In some instances, shrinkage of adhesive layer 202 as it cures maygenerate strain on the layer 202, retaining plate 200, substrate 122, oroptical fiber 100. Such strain may contribute to failure of adhesionbetween layer 202 and retaining plate 200 or substrate 122, failure ofcohesion between layer 202 and retaining members 208, or structuralfailure of retaining members 208 or recessed areas 206. If necessary,this may be reduced or otherwise ameliorated several ways. Reducing thethickness of adhesive layer 202 may serve to reduce the available strainenergy per unit area, or may serve to increase the relative strainrelief afforded by compliance of the optical fiber 100. The thickness ofadhesive layer 202 generally would not exceed about 60 μm (i.e., a fewμm less than half the typical diameter of optical fiber 100), istypically less than about 10 μm thick, and in some case may be as thinas about 2-4 μm. The retaining plate 200 may comprise a resilientmaterial, such as a thin metal plate or a thin plastic plate. Theresilience of the retaining plate may be made sufficient to relieve orreduce the strain induced by shrinkage of the adhesive layer 202 as itcures. Alternatively, a resilient, compliant, compressible, ordeformable material may be placed within groove 204 between theretaining plate 200 and the fiber segment 100. Such intervening materialmay at least partially relieve strain resulting from shrinkage ofadhesive layer 202. An example of a suitable material is silica grown,deposited, or otherwise formed within groove 204 on a silicon retainingplate 200. Other intervening materials and other retaining platematerials may be equivalently employed.

In some instances, differences in thermal expansion properties of theadhesive means and the optical fiber may contribute to failure ofadhesion between layer 202 and retaining plate 200 or substrate 122, tofailure of cohesion between layer 202 and retaining members 208, or tostructural failure of retaining members 208 or recessed areas 206. Ifnecessary, this may be ameliorated several ways. The retaining plate 200may comprise a resilient material, such as a thin metal plate or a thinplastic plate. The resilience of the retaining plate may be madesufficient to accommodate differing thermal expansions of the adhesivemeans and the fiber segment so as to substantially eliminate separationof the adhesive means from the retaining plate or the substrate due todifferential expansion, and thereby also substantially preventdisengagement of the fiber segment from the fiber groove over a desiredoperating temperature range (for example between about −40° C. and about95° C.). Such a resilient retaining plate should nevertheless have athermal expansion coefficient sufficiently small (less than about 10⁻⁵/°C.) so that undue shear stresses do not develop as a result ofdifferential expansion of retaining plate 200 and device substrate 122.ASTM F-15 alloy (i.e., Kovar®) is an example of a suitable material forfabricating retaining plate 200; other material(s) may be used as well.Alternatively, a resilient material may be placed in groove 204 betweenthe retaining plate 200 and the fiber segment 100. The resilience ofsuch material may be made sufficient to accommodate or partiallycompensate differing thermal expansions of the adhesive means and thefiber segment, as described above.

FIGS. 7A-7D and 8A-8D illustrate alternative embodiments wherein thefiber retainer comprises a resilient fiber retainer 300/400 positionedover the fiber segment, engaged with the device substrate 122, andbiased so as to urge the fiber segment 100 into fiber groove 124. Theresilient fiber retainer 300/400 may comprise metal, polymer, or othersuitable resilient material or combination thereof. A second fibergroove 402 (shown on resilient fiber retainer 400 in FIGS. 8A-8D; notshown but may be equivalently provided on resilient fiber retainer ofFIGS. 7A-7D) may be provided for engaging the fiber segment 100.

The resilient fiber retainer 300 illustrated in FIGS. 7A-7B comprisesopposed members resiliently biased toward one another. The fiberretainer 300 engages the device substrate 122 at the front edge thereof(i.e., at the edge intersected by the fiber groove 124), with the devicesubstrate 122 and a portion of the fiber segment 100 between the opposedmembers (one above and one below the device substrate). The resilientbias of the opposed members urges the fiber segment 100 into the fibergroove 124. A hole may be provided through which the fiber segment 100passes.

The resilient fiber retainer 400 illustrated in FIGS. 8A-8B comprises acentral member and two lateral resilient members. The lateral membersengage opposing lateral edges of the device substrate 122, with thefiber groove 124 and fiber segment 100 therebetween. The lateral membersare forced downward against their resilient bias to engage theirrespective side edges of the device substrate, and thereby causing theresilient bias to urge fiber segment 100 into fiber groove 124. Theopposing side edges of the device substrate 122 may be adapted forengaging the lateral members. Suitable adaptations may include one ormore of, but are not limited to: indentations, detents, grooves, slots,ribs, tabs, and undercut surfaces.

The optical device assembly 120 and fiber segment 100 coupled thereto asvariously described hereinabove may be secured within a housing 106/108so as to at least partially enclose the fiber segment and the opticaldevice (FIGS. 9-16). The housing may be configured or adapted in variousways to enable optical coupling of the fiber segment 100 at its secondend to another optical fiber. The device assembly 120 may be secured toa mounting plate 121, and electrical connections to one or morecomponents of device assembly 120 may be made via a circuit element 123(which may comprise a flexible circuit element or a circuit element ofany other suitable type). An electromagnetic shield 125 may be securedto the device substrate to enclose at least one component of the deviceassembly 120.

In FIGS. 9-12, the fiber segment 100 is received within a fiber ferrule102, with the first end of the fiber segment protruding from the firstend of the fiber ferrule and the second end of the fiber segmentsubstantially flush with the second end of the fiber ferrule. The fiberferrule 102 is received within fiber sleeve 104, which is in turnmounted within housing 106/108. A mating fiber optical connectorreceived within the fiber sleeve 104 aligns the second end of fibersegment 100 with a second optical fiber for end-coupling. Otherconfigurations for housing 106/108 (which may or may not include fiberferrule 102 and/or fiber sleeve 104) may be employed for thus engaging amating fiber optical connector.

In FIG. 13, the second end of the fiber segment 100 protrudes from thesecond end of the fiber ferrule 102 as a fiber pigtail, with or withouta fiber optical connector 130 (which may be of any suitable type orconfiguration). In FIG. 14, the second end of fiber segment 100terminates within fiber ferrule 102, which serves as a receptacle foranother optical fiber segment. The other optical fiber segment may beinserted into fiber ferrule 102 and pushed against the second end offiber segment 100 for end coupling therewith. In FIG. 15, the second endof fiber segment 100 simply exits housing 106/108, thereby serving as afiber pigtail, with or without a fiber optical connector 130 (which maybe of any suitable type).

In FIG. 16, multiple fiber segments 100 are engaged in multiplecorresponding fiber grooves. A retaining plate 200 as describedhereinabove may be employed for retaining the fiber segments engagedwith the corresponding grooves. Alternatively, a resilient fiberretainer similar to retainer 300 of FIGS. 7A-7D or similar to retainer400 of FIGS. 8A-8D, may be equivalently employed. The multiple fibersegments 100 may be positioned for optical coupling with multiplecomponents 126/128 on device substrate 122. Housing 106/108 may beconfigured and/or adapted for engaging a mating multi-fiber connector.

Optical components assembled onto a substrate according to the teachingsof the following references may be readily adapted according to thepresent disclosure for packaging and fiber-coupling. The referencesdisclose assembly of optical devices onto a device substrate thatincludes one or more planar waveguides thereon. The assembled componentsmay be optically coupled to the planar waveguide(s). One of the planarwaveguides may be adapted for supporting an optical mode suitable forcoupling to an optical fiber, and may be suitably positioned on thesubstrate relative to the fiber groove for optical coupling as set forthhereinabove. The following are incorporated by reference as if fully setforth herein:

U.S. non-provisional App. No. 10/187,030 (U.S. Patent Application Pub.No. 2003/0081902) entitled “Optical junction apparatus and methodsemploying optical power transverse-transfer” filed Jun. 28, 2002 in thenames of Henry A. Blauvelt, Kerry J. Vahala, David W. Vernooy, and JoelS. Paslaski; and

U.S. non-provisional App. No. 10/652,955 entitled “Optical assembliesfor free-space optical propagation between waveguide(s) and/or fiber(s)”filed Aug. 8, 2003 in the names of Henry A. Blauvelt, David W. Vernooy,and Joel S. Paslaski.

For purposes of the present disclosure and appended claims, theconjunction “or” is to be construed inclusively (e.g., “a dog or a cat”would be interpreted as “a dog, or a cat, or both”; e.g., “a dog, a cat,or a mouse” would be interpreted as “a dog, or a cat, or a mouse, or anytwo, or all three”), unless: i) it is explicitly stated otherwise, e.g.,by use of “either . . . or”, “only one of . . . ”, or similar language;or ii) two or more of the listed alternatives are mutually exclusivewithin the particular context, in which case “or” would encompass onlythose combinations involving non-mutually-exclusive alternatives. It isintended that equivalents of the disclosed exemplary embodiments andmethods shall fall within the scope of the present disclosure and/orappended claims. It is intended that the disclosed exemplary embodimentsand methods, and equivalents thereof, may be modified while remainingwithin the scope of the present disclosure or appended claims.

1. An optical apparatus, comprising: an optical device assembly,comprising a device substrate with at least one optical componentthereon and with a fiber groove thereon; a segment of optical fiberengaged with the fiber groove, the fiber groove positioning a first endof the fiber segment engaged therewith for optical coupling with atleast one optical component on the substrate; a fiber retainerpositioned over the fiber segment so as to maintain the fiber segment inengagement with the fiber groove; and adhesive means for securing thefiber retainer to the device substrate, wherein the device substrate orthe fiber retainer is provided with at least one recessed region formedthereon, and the adhesive means at least partially fills the recessedregion and forms a retaining member therein.
 2. The apparatus of claim1, wherein the device substrate or the fiber retainer comprises silicon,and the recessed region comprises an etched region of the silicon. 3.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the retainingmember is larger in at least one transverse dimension than an opening ofthe recessed region, or the opening of the recessed region is smaller inat least one transverse dimension than a deeper portion of the recessedregion.
 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the device substrate or thefiber retainer comprises silicon with a silica layer, and the recessedregion comprises an etched region of the silicon undercut below anopening through the silica layer.
 5. The apparatus of claim 3, whereinthe device substrate or the fiber retainer comprises silicon, and therecessed region comprises an etched region of the silicon undercut belowan opening in the surface thereof.
 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:both the device substrate and the fiber retainer are each provided withat least one recessed region formed thereon; and the adhesive means atleast partially fills the recessed regions and forms correspondingretaining members therein.
 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein therecessed region comprises at least one circumscribed cavity.
 8. Theapparatus of claim 1, wherein the recessed region comprises at least oneelongated slot.
 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the devicesubstrate or the fiber retainer has multiple recessed regions comprisingslots, and at least two slots cross one another.
 10. The apparatus ofclaim 8, wherein the slot extends to the edge of the device substrate orthe fiber retainer, thereby allowing flowing adhesive means to flowthrough the slot.
 11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the adhesivemeans flows during at least a portion of its application and hardensafter flowing into the recessed region.
 12. The apparatus of claim 11,wherein the recessed region includes an opening allowing flowingadhesive means to flow through the device substrate or the fiberretainer.
 13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the adhesive meanscomprises cured polymer, reflowed polymer, reflowed solder, reflowedglass, or fused glass frit.
 14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein thefiber retainer includes a second fiber groove thereon, and the first endof the fiber segment is engaged with the second fiber groove.
 15. Theapparatus of claim 14, further comprising a resilient material in thesecond fiber groove between the fiber segment and the fiber retainer,wherein the resilient material is sufficiently resilient so as toaccommodate: (i) differing thermal expansions of the adhesive means andthe fiber segment so as to substantially prevent disengagement of thefiber segment from the fiber groove over an operating temperature rangebetween about −40° C. and about 95° C.; or (ii) strain induced byshrinkage of the adhesive means.
 16. The apparatus of claim 1, whereinthe fiber retainer is sufficiently resilient to accommodate: (i)differing thermal expansions of the adhesive means and the fiber segmentso as to substantially prevent disengagement of the fiber segment fromthe fiber groove over an operating temperature range between about −40°C. and about 95° C.; or (ii) strain induced by shrinkage of the adhesivemeans.
 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein thermal expansioncoefficient of the fiber retainer is less than about 10⁻⁵/° C.
 18. Anoptical apparatus, comprising: an optical device assembly, comprising adevice substrate with at least one optical component thereon and with afiber groove thereon; a segment of optical fiber engaged with the fibergroove, the fiber groove positioning a first end of the fiber segmentengaged therewith for optical coupling with at least one opticalcomponent on the substrate; and a fiber retainer positioned over thefiber segment so as to maintain the fiber segment in engagement with thefiber groove, wherein the fiber retainer comprises a resilient memberengaged with the device substrate and biased so as to urge the fibersegment into the fiber groove.
 19. The apparatus of claim 18, whereinthe fiber retainer engages an edge of the device substrate intersectedby the fiber groove, and the fiber retainer comprises opposed membersabove and below the device substrate and resiliently biased toward oneanother with the first end of the fiber segment and the device substratetherebetween, thereby urging the first end of the fiber segment into thefiber groove.
 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the fiber retainerincludes a hole through which passes the fiber segment.
 21. Theapparatus of claim 18, wherein the fiber retainer engages opposinglateral edges of the device substrate with the fiber groovetherebetween, and the retainer comprises two lateral resilient membersand a central retaining member, the lateral resilient members are forceddownward into engagement with the lateral edges of the device substrateso that the central retaining member urges the first end of the fibersegment into the fiber groove.
 22. The apparatus of claim 21, whereinthe lateral edges of the device substrate are adapted for engaging thelateral resilient members, an adaptation of a lateral edge comprising anindentation, a detent, a groove, a slot, a rib, a tab, or an undercutsurface.
 23. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the fiber retainercomprises resilient metallic material.
 24. The apparatus of claim 18,wherein the fiber retainer comprises resilient polymer material.
 25. Theapparatus of claim 18, wherein the fiber retainer includes a secondfiber groove, and the fiber segment is engaged with the second fibergroove.
 26. An optical apparatus, comprising: an optical deviceassembly, comprising a device substrate with at least one opticalcomponent thereon and with a fiber groove thereon; a segment of opticalfiber engaged with the fiber groove, the fiber groove positioning afirst end of the fiber segment engaged therewith for optical couplingwith at least one optical component on the substrate; a fiber retainerpositioned over the fiber segment so as to maintain the fiber segment inengagement with the fiber groove; and a housing, the device substratebeing secured therein so that the housing at least partially enclosesthe fiber segment and the device subassembly, wherein: (i) the apparatusfurther comprises adhesive means for securing the fiber retainer to thedevice substrate, and the device substrate or the fiber retainer isprovided with at least one recessed region formed thereon, and theadhesive means at least partially fills the recessed region and forms aretaining member therein; or (ii) the fiber retainer comprises aresilient member engaged with the device substrate and biased so as tourge the fiber segment into the fiber groove.
 27. The apparatus of claim26, further comprising a fiber ferrule, wherein the fiber segment isreceived within the fiber ferrule with the first end of the fibersegment protruding from a first end of the fiber ferrule, and the fiberferrule is mounted in the housing.
 28. The apparatus of claim 27,wherein the second end of the fiber segment terminates within the fiberferrule, and a second end of the fiber ferrule forms a receptacle forreceiving a second optical fiber therein for optical end-coupling withthe second end of the fiber segment.
 29. The apparatus of claim 27,further comprising a fiber sleeve with the fiber ferrule receivedtherein, wherein: the fiber sleeve is mounted on the housing, therebymounting the fiber ferrule on the housing; a second end of the fibersegment is substantially flush with a second end of the fiber ferrule;the first end of the fiber ferrule protrudes from a first end of thefiber sleeve and the second end of the fiber ferrule terminates withinthe fiber sleeve; and the fiber sleeve is configured for aligning thesecond end of the fiber segment with a second optical fiber for opticalend-coupling therebetween by engaging within a second end of the fibersleeve a mating fiber-optic connector on the second optical fiber. 30.The apparatus of claim 26, wherein a second end of the fiber segmentprotrudes from the housing.
 31. The apparatus of claim 30, furthercomprising a fiber-optic connector on the second end of the fibersegment.
 32. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the alignment housing isconfigured for aligning a second end of the fiber segment with a secondoptical fiber for optical end-coupling therebetween by engaging a matingfiber-optic connector on the second optical fiber.
 33. The apparatus ofclaim 26, further comprising an electrical connection to at least oneoptical component of the device subassembly.
 34. The apparatus of claim33, wherein the electrical connection comprises a flexible circuit. 35.The apparatus of claim 33, further comprising an electromagnetic shieldsecured to the apparatus so as to at least partially enclose at leastone optical component thereof.
 36. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein atleast one optical component of the device assembly comprises a laser, anoptical modulator, a photodetector, or an optical filter.
 37. Theapparatus of claim 26, further comprising: multiple optical components;multiple fiber grooves; and multiple segments of optical fiber, eachfiber segment engaged with a corresponding fiber groove, wherein: thefiber retainer maintains the fiber segments in engagement with thecorresponding fiber groove; and each of the multiple fiber groovespositions a first end of the corresponding fiber segment engagedtherewith for optical coupling with at least one of the opticalcomponents.
 38. The apparatus of claim 37, wherein the housing isconfigured for aligning a respective second end of each of the multiplefiber segments with a corresponding one of multiple other optical fibersfor optical end-coupling therebetween by engaging a matingmultiple-fiber connector on the multiple optical fibers.
 39. Theapparatus of claim 37, wherein the multiple optical components andmultiple fiber grooves are on a common device substrate.